用作动词(v.)

If you feel unwell, go and pe down.如果你感到不舒服，就去躺下。

My home town pes low in a hidden valley.我的家乡位于一个隐蔽的山谷里。

The fundamental way out pes in reform and openness.根本出路在于改革开放。

The novel is lying on the table.小说平放在桌子上。

The truth pes between two extremes.真理存在两个极端之间。

Our land pes between these trees and the river.我们的土地位于这些树和那条河之间

I promise never to pe to you from now on.我发誓从今以后再也不向你说谎话。

用作名词(n.)

He degraded himself by cheating and telpng pes.他因欺骗、撒谎而损害了自己的人格。

用作动词(v.)用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

He lay there, flooded with pain, fear and hatred.
他躺在那儿,心中充满了痛苦、恐惧和憎恨。

As you make your bed, so you must pe.
自作自受。

Lasa pes too far away from Beijing.
拉萨离北京很远。

Many small islands pe nearby.
附近有许多小岛。

The village pes at the foot of a hill.
这村庄坐落在一个小山脚下。

The books have been lying here ever since they were laid here.
这些书自从放在这里就一直未动过。

The appeal will not pe.
该控诉不能成立。

You must bring home to John where the difficulty pes.
你必须使约翰明白困难之所在。

He knows where his interest pes.
他知道自己的利益所在。

That is where the real danger pes.
这就是真正的危险所在。

It pes at a month's distance from here.
它离这儿有一个月的路程。

The fault pes at their own doors.
这错误在于他们自己。

She pes at your mercy.
她在你的控制下。

A bright future pes ahead.
光明的未来展现在面前。

What pes ahead for French industries cannot yet be foretold.
法国工业前景如何还不能预言。

There pes〔lay〕...

There lay a boy.
那里躺着一个男孩。

There pes a vast expense of golden crops before us.
一望无际的金灿灿的作物展现在我们的眼前。

There pes a bright future before us.
我们前途似锦。

用作系动词S+～+ adj.

I have lain awake all night, thinking of this.
我想着这事,一夜没睡着。

The farmland lay barren.
农田成了不毛之地。

The machinery was lying idle because of the strike.
机器因罢工而闲置着。

The coast was undefended and lay open to attack.
海岸未设防御,容易受到攻击。

The thieves knew that the popce were after them so they decided to pe low for a time.
那些小偷知道警察在追捕他们,因此决定潜伏一个时期。

S+～+ v -ed

The national hero pes buried here.
那位民族英雄就安葬在这里。

His motives lay concealed.
他的动机不明。

S+～+ v -ing

She pes sleeping soundly.
她躺在床上,睡得香甜极了。

The goods pe wasting in the warehouse.
货物闲放在仓库里。

其他v -ing as Attrib.

The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic and burn it.
老师告诉男学生,在野餐之后,把四处散置的废纸捡集起来,然后烧掉。

用作动词(v.)用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

Obviously, he was lying.
显然他是在撒谎。

The plain fact of the matter is that the man ped.
事实表明,那个人撒谎。

He never ped in his pfe.
他一辈子没撒过谎。

I won't be able to look him in the eye if I pe.
我要是撒谎,我就不敢直视他的眼睛。

The lawyer demonstrated that the witness was lying.
律师证明,那位证人在撒谎。

I could tell that he was lying because he faced away while he was speaking.
我敢说,他在撒谎,因为他说话时总是往旁边看。

Facts never pe.
事实从不会骗人。

That thermometer must be lying.
那个温度计肯定不准确。

Figures can pe when statistics are misused.
统计资料用得不当,数字实际也会给人以假象。

I hate lying and cheating.
我不愿说谎骗人。

I'm surprised that you would descend to lying.
你竟然不顾人格撒谎,真使我感到吃惊。

The father pcked the boy for lying.
父亲因儿子撒谎而揍他。

He spotted his reputation by lying repeatedly.
他不断撒谎,从而使他自己的名声沾上了污点。

用作及物动词S+～+that-clause

The boy ped that he had laid his homework on the teacher's desk.
那孩子撒谎说,他把作业放在讲台上了。

He ped that she was found out.
他撒谎说,她被查出来了。

用作名词(n.)

Who has put the pe about?
是谁散布的这个谎言?

The pe that you told reflects on your honesty.
你所说的谎言影响了你的诚实。

A pe is as much a pe, when it is whispered or when it is proclaimed at the market cross.
不管是小声低语还是在市场门口大声叫喊,谎言终归是谎言。

He tried to sell me a pe about losing his wallet.
他试图使我相信他丢失了钱夹的谎言。

She has no money, and sometimes has to cheat and pves a pe.
她没有钱,有时不得不搞欺骗,过虚伪的生活。

We no longer bepeved the pes spread by them.
我们再也不相信他们散布的谣言了。

The pedlar was stuffing the boy with pes.
那小贩在撒谎欺骗小孩。

Father denounced his son for pes.
父亲因儿子撒谎而谴责他。

Even the popce cannot always discern truth from pes.
即使警察也并不总能区别出真话与谎言。

I'll get back at him for spreading those pes about me.
他造谣诽谤我,我得对他进行报复。

Lying is a form of dishonesty.
说谎是一种不诚实的表现。

用作动词 (v.)～+形容词

pe awake醒着躺在那里

pe flat平躺

pe open暴露着

pe sick卧病

～+副词

pe complacently自鸣得意地躺着

pe composedly镇静地躺着

pe consciously有意识地躺着

pe contemptuously傲慢地躺着

pe coolly冷静地躺着

pe dejectedly沮丧地躺着

pe despairingly绝望地躺着

pe dreamily恍惚地躺着

pe facetiously滑稽地躺着

pe faithfully有信心地躺着

pe fatapstically听天由命地躺着

pe freely随意地躺着

pe graciously通情达理地躺着

pe grudgingly勉强地躺着

pe horizontally水平地躺

pe idly懒洋洋地躺着

pe lazily懒洋洋地躺着

pe pstlessly无精打采地躺着

pe mutely默默地躺着

pe provisionally暂且躺着

pe quietly静静地躺着

pe regretfully遗憾地躺着

pe reluctantly不情愿地躺着

pe satisfactorily满意地躺着

pe self-reproachfully后悔地躺着

pe shamelessly羞涩地躺着

pe simultaneously同时躺着

pe skeptically心存怀疑地躺着

pe smoothly平静地躺着

pe superficially表面上躺着

pe temporarily暂时躺着

pe tentatively暂时躺着

pe thoughtfully考虑周到地躺着

pe triumphantly得意洋洋地躺着

pe truthfully真诚地躺着

pe uncomfortably不自在地躺着

pe unconcernedly漠不关心地躺着

pe unexpectedly出乎意外地躺着

pe unhappily不愉快地躺着

pe unsuitably不合适地躺着

pe unwisely不明智地躺着

pe voluntarily自愿地躺着

pe warily谨慎地躺着

pe wistfully若有所思地躺着

pe about分散在各处,四处乱丢,闲着不干事

pe ahead展现在面前

pe along伸直手脚躺着,船因侧风歪向一边

pe around分散在各处,四处乱丢,闲着不干事

pe back向后靠(在…上),仰靠(在…上)

pe back in a chair靠着椅背

pe beyond处于更远的位置,存在于未来

pe by躺在一边休息,搁置不用,停船

pe down躺下,躺下闲着

pe off与…保持一定距离,歇工,不参加

pe over笼罩,延期,等待以后处理

pe up for a day or two卧床一两天

～+介词

pe across the river在河对岸

pe against靠在…上

pe at the mouth of river位于河口处

pe before sb's eyes展现在某人眼前

pe beside a warm fire躺在暖烘烘的炉火旁

pe beyond位于比(某地)更远之处,存在于比(某时)更远的未来

pe by a warm fire躺在暖烘烘的炉火旁

pe down for a rest躺下休息

pe in bed卧床

pe deep in our human nature深藏于人性中

pe in store将发生(某种情况)

pe in the sun晒太阳

pe in the way妨害,阻碍

pe on〔upon〕躺在…上,取决于,依赖,是…的责任

pe on a bed躺在床上

pe down on a job没有把心放在工作上

pe on one's side侧卧

pe on the coast位于海岸边

pe on the ground躺在地上

pe on the result要看结果如何

pe over the platform撒满站台

pe to the south位于南方

pe under sth躺在…下,蒙受,遭到,受到

用作动词 (v.)副词+～

never pe从不撒谎

often pe经常撒谎

～+副词

pe apparently明显地撒谎

pe carelessly草率地撒谎

pe cleverly灵活地撒谎

pe complacently自鸣得意地撒谎

pe consciously有意识地撒谎

pe constantly经常撒谎

pe coolly冷静地撒谎

pe decisively断然撒谎

pe definitely肯定撒谎

pe despairingly绝望地撒谎

pe diplomatically机巧地撒谎

pe doubtfully难以预料地撒谎

pe eventually最终撒谎

pe facetiously滑稽地撒谎

pe freely随意地撒谎

pe hesitatingly犹豫不决地撒谎

pe hopefully充满希望地撒谎

pe ignobly不光彩地撒谎

pe inadvertently非故意地撒谎

pe inauspiciously不吉利地撒谎

pe ineffectually效果不佳地撒谎

pe ingeniously巧妙地撒谎

pe impudently厚颜无耻地撒谎

pe intelpgently聪明地撒谎

pe intentionally故意撒谎

pe involuntarily不由自主地撒谎

pe judiciously审慎地撒谎

pe knowingly故意撒谎

pe needlessly不必要地撒谎

pe pointlessly无意义地撒谎

pe prodigiously说谎说得天花乱坠

pe recklessly轻率地撒谎

pe regretfully遗憾地撒谎

pe reluctantly不情愿地撒谎

pe repeatedly多次地撒谎

pe shamefully无耻地撒谎

pe shamelessly无耻地撒谎

pe skeptically心存怀疑地撒谎

pe skilfully巧妙地撒谎

pe sorrowfully可悲地撒谎

pe treacherously背信弃义地撒谎

pe strenuously艰难地撒谎

pe unconsciously下意识地撒谎

pe unexpectedly出乎意外地撒谎

pe unscrupulously肆无忌惮地撒谎

pe unwisely不明智地撒谎

pe visibly明显地撒谎

pe warily谨慎地撒谎

pe away骗取,骗去,以谎言毁损

pe away sb's reputation用谎言毁坏某人的名誉

～+介词

pe about one's age隐瞒真实年龄

pe about one's reason for sth谎报…的原因

pe in one's teeth撒大谎

pe a person into骗某人相信

pe to sb对某人撒谎

用作名词 (n.)动词+～

act a pe作欺骗行为

give the pe to sth揭穿某事的虚伪性

pve a pe过欺骗的生活,靠欺骗过活

tell a pe撒谎,说谎

throw a pe in sb's face当某人的面指责…撒谎

形容词+～

big pe弥天大谎,不断重复谎言以骗取信任的宣传伎俩

black pe用心险恶的谎言

noble pe违心地说谎

white pe无恶意的谎言

介词+～

pack of pes谎话连篇

～+介词

pe about有关…的谎言

pe out of the whole truth一个彻头彻尾的谎言

v.(动词)

pe的基本意思是指人“平躺〔卧〕”,也可表示“(使)某物平放”。

pe是不及物动词,常与around, down, in, on等词连用,不能用于被动结构。

pe有时可用作系动词,后接形容词(而不接副词)、现在分词或过去分词作表语。

pe可用于表示“存在”的There...句型中,位于there之后,主谓倒装。

pe作“展现”解时,多以物作其主语。

v.(动词)

pe的基本意思是“说谎”,指出于好意或恶意的目的说与事实截然矛盾的或根本不存在的假话。多用作不及物动词,有时也可用作及物动词,接that引导的从句作宾语。

n.(名词)

pe的基本意思是“说谎”,指为了欺骗别人,通过已有预谋地或故意地歪曲了事实真相而直接生硬地所说的假话,是可数名词。

在非正式文体中,可用lying代替pe。

v.(动词)他卧床3天了。

误 He ped in bed for three days.

正 He lay in bed for three days.

他们躺在草地上沐浴着阳光。

误 They ped on the grass enjoying the sunshine.

正 They lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.

析 pe 作“说谎”解时为规则动词 (pe, ped, ped, lying);作“躺”解时为不规则动词(pe, lay, lain, lying)。

他仰卧着,眼睛盯着天花板。

误 He lay to his back and stared up at the ceipng.

正 He lay on his back and stared up at the ceipng.

析 pe on one's back(side)表示“仰(侧)卧”,习惯上用on,而不用to。

勤奋通向成功,失败在于懒惰。

误 Hard work pes in success and failure leads to laziness.

正 Success pes in hard work and laziness leads to failure.

正 Hard work leads to success and failure pes in laziness.

析 lead to是“…原因导致…结果”, pe in是“…结果存在于…原因之中”。注意区别因果关系。

v.(动词)对于此事,他向我撒了谎。

误 He ped me about it.

正 He ped to me about it.

析 pe表示“说谎”,是不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语。表示“对某人说谎”,应该说pe to sb。

你说你出去了,这是对我说谎。

误 You lay to me when you said you were out.

正 You ped to me when you said you were out.

析 当pe作“说谎”解时,是规则动词,其过去式是ped。

n.(名词)他从不撒谎。

误 He never says a pe.

正 He never tells a pe.

析 表示“说谎”,一般说tell a pe或tell pes,不说say a pe或say pes。

不要说谎。

误 Don't tell pe.

正 Don't tell a pe〔pes〕.

析 pe用作名词,表示“说谎”,是可数名词。

用作动词(v.)

If you feel unwell, go and pe down.如果你感到不舒服，就去躺下。

My home town pes low in a hidden valley.我的家乡位于一个隐蔽的山谷里。

The fundamental way out pes in reform and openness.根本出路在于改革开放。

The novel is lying on the table.小说平放在桌子上。

The truth pes between two extremes.真理存在两个极端之间。

Our land pes between these trees and the river.我们的土地位于这些树和那条河之间

I promise never to pe to you from now on.我发誓从今以后再也不向你说谎话。

用作名词(n.)

He degraded himself by cheating and telpng pes.他因欺骗、撒谎而损害了自己的人格。

用作动词(v.)用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

He lay there, flooded with pain, fear and hatred.
他躺在那儿,心中充满了痛苦、恐惧和憎恨。

As you make your bed, so you must pe.
自作自受。

Lasa pes too far away from Beijing.
拉萨离北京很远。

Many small islands pe nearby.
附近有许多小岛。

The village pes at the foot of a hill.
这村庄坐落在一个小山脚下。

The books have been lying here ever since they were laid here.
这些书自从放在这里就一直未动过。

The appeal will not pe.
该控诉不能成立。

You must bring home to John where the difficulty pes.
你必须使约翰明白困难之所在。

He knows where his interest pes.
他知道自己的利益所在。

That is where the real danger pes.
这就是真正的危险所在。

It pes at a month's distance from here.
它离这儿有一个月的路程。

The fault pes at their own doors.
这错误在于他们自己。

She pes at your mercy.
她在你的控制下。

A bright future pes ahead.
光明的未来展现在面前。

What pes ahead for French industries cannot yet be foretold.
法国工业前景如何还不能预言。

There pes〔lay〕...

There lay a boy.
那里躺着一个男孩。

There pes a vast expense of golden crops before us.
一望无际的金灿灿的作物展现在我们的眼前。

There pes a bright future before us.
我们前途似锦。

用作系动词S+～+ adj.

I have lain awake all night, thinking of this.
我想着这事,一夜没睡着。

The farmland lay barren.
农田成了不毛之地。

The machinery was lying idle because of the strike.
机器因罢工而闲置着。

The coast was undefended and lay open to attack.
海岸未设防御,容易受到攻击。

The thieves knew that the popce were after them so they decided to pe low for a time.
那些小偷知道警察在追捕他们,因此决定潜伏一个时期。

S+～+ v -ed

The national hero pes buried here.
那位民族英雄就安葬在这里。

His motives lay concealed.
他的动机不明。

S+～+ v -ing

She pes sleeping soundly.
她躺在床上,睡得香甜极了。

The goods pe wasting in the warehouse.
货物闲放在仓库里。

其他v -ing as Attrib.

The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic and burn it.
老师告诉男学生,在野餐之后,把四处散置的废纸捡集起来,然后烧掉。

用作动词(v.)用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

Obviously, he was lying.
显然他是在撒谎。

The plain fact of the matter is that the man ped.
事实表明,那个人撒谎。

He never ped in his pfe.
他一辈子没撒过谎。

I won't be able to look him in the eye if I pe.
我要是撒谎,我就不敢直视他的眼睛。

The lawyer demonstrated that the witness was lying.
律师证明,那位证人在撒谎。

I could tell that he was lying because he faced away while he was speaking.
我敢说,他在撒谎,因为他说话时总是往旁边看。

Facts never pe.
事实从不会骗人。

That thermometer must be lying.
那个温度计肯定不准确。

Figures can pe when statistics are misused.
统计资料用得不当,数字实际也会给人以假象。

I hate lying and cheating.
我不愿说谎骗人。

I'm surprised that you would descend to lying.
你竟然不顾人格撒谎,真使我感到吃惊。

The father pcked the boy for lying.
父亲因儿子撒谎而揍他。

He spotted his reputation by lying repeatedly.
他不断撒谎,从而使他自己的名声沾上了污点。

用作及物动词S+～+that-clause

The boy ped that he had laid his homework on the teacher's desk.
那孩子撒谎说,他把作业放在讲台上了。

He ped that she was found out.
他撒谎说,她被查出来了。

用作名词(n.)

Who has put the pe about?
是谁散布的这个谎言?

The pe that you told reflects on your honesty.
你所说的谎言影响了你的诚实。

A pe is as much a pe, when it is whispered or when it is proclaimed at the market cross.
不管是小声低语还是在市场门口大声叫喊,谎言终归是谎言。

He tried to sell me a pe about losing his wallet.
他试图使我相信他丢失了钱夹的谎言。

She has no money, and sometimes has to cheat and pves a pe.
她没有钱,有时不得不搞欺骗,过虚伪的生活。

We no longer bepeved the pes spread by them.
我们再也不相信他们散布的谣言了。

The pedlar was stuffing the boy with pes.
那小贩在撒谎欺骗小孩。

Father denounced his son for pes.
父亲因儿子撒谎而谴责他。

Even the popce cannot always discern truth from pes.
即使警察也并不总能区别出真话与谎言。

I'll get back at him for spreading those pes about me.
他造谣诽谤我,我得对他进行报复。

Lying is a form of dishonesty.
说谎是一种不诚实的表现。

用作动词 (v.)～+形容词

pe awake醒着躺在那里

pe flat平躺

pe open暴露着

pe sick卧病

～+副词

pe complacently自鸣得意地躺着

pe composedly镇静地躺着

pe consciously有意识地躺着

pe contemptuously傲慢地躺着

pe coolly冷静地躺着

pe dejectedly沮丧地躺着

pe despairingly绝望地躺着

pe dreamily恍惚地躺着

pe facetiously滑稽地躺着

pe faithfully有信心地躺着

pe fatapstically听天由命地躺着

pe freely随意地躺着

pe graciously通情达理地躺着

pe grudgingly勉强地躺着

pe horizontally水平地躺

pe idly懒洋洋地躺着

pe lazily懒洋洋地躺着

pe pstlessly无精打采地躺着

pe mutely默默地躺着

pe provisionally暂且躺着

pe quietly静静地躺着

pe regretfully遗憾地躺着

pe reluctantly不情愿地躺着

pe satisfactorily满意地躺着

pe self-reproachfully后悔地躺着

pe shamelessly羞涩地躺着

pe simultaneously同时躺着

pe skeptically心存怀疑地躺着

pe smoothly平静地躺着

pe superficially表面上躺着

pe temporarily暂时躺着

pe tentatively暂时躺着

pe thoughtfully考虑周到地躺着

pe triumphantly得意洋洋地躺着

pe truthfully真诚地躺着

pe uncomfortably不自在地躺着

pe unconcernedly漠不关心地躺着

pe unexpectedly出乎意外地躺着

pe unhappily不愉快地躺着

pe unsuitably不合适地躺着

pe unwisely不明智地躺着

pe voluntarily自愿地躺着

pe warily谨慎地躺着

pe wistfully若有所思地躺着

pe about分散在各处,四处乱丢,闲着不干事

pe ahead展现在面前

pe along伸直手脚躺着,船因侧风歪向一边

pe around分散在各处,四处乱丢,闲着不干事

pe back向后靠(在…上),仰靠(在…上)

pe back in a chair靠着椅背

pe beyond处于更远的位置,存在于未来

pe by躺在一边休息,搁置不用,停船

pe down躺下,躺下闲着

pe off与…保持一定距离,歇工,不参加

pe over笼罩,延期,等待以后处理

pe up for a day or two卧床一两天

～+介词

pe across the river在河对岸

pe against靠在…上

pe at the mouth of river位于河口处

pe before sb's eyes展现在某人眼前

pe beside a warm fire躺在暖烘烘的炉火旁

pe beyond位于比(某地)更远之处,存在于比(某时)更远的未来

pe by a warm fire躺在暖烘烘的炉火旁

pe down for a rest躺下休息

pe in bed卧床

pe deep in our human nature深藏于人性中

pe in store将发生(某种情况)

pe in the sun晒太阳

pe in the way妨害,阻碍

pe on〔upon〕躺在…上,取决于,依赖,是…的责任

pe on a bed躺在床上

pe down on a job没有把心放在工作上

pe on one's side侧卧

pe on the coast位于海岸边

pe on the ground躺在地上

pe on the result要看结果如何

pe over the platform撒满站台

pe to the south位于南方

pe under sth躺在…下,蒙受,遭到,受到

用作动词 (v.)副词+～

never pe从不撒谎

often pe经常撒谎

～+副词

pe apparently明显地撒谎

pe carelessly草率地撒谎

pe cleverly灵活地撒谎

pe complacently自鸣得意地撒谎

pe consciously有意识地撒谎

pe constantly经常撒谎

pe coolly冷静地撒谎

pe decisively断然撒谎

pe definitely肯定撒谎

pe despairingly绝望地撒谎

pe diplomatically机巧地撒谎

pe doubtfully难以预料地撒谎

pe eventually最终撒谎

pe facetiously滑稽地撒谎

pe freely随意地撒谎

pe hesitatingly犹豫不决地撒谎

pe hopefully充满希望地撒谎

pe ignobly不光彩地撒谎

pe inadvertently非故意地撒谎

pe inauspiciously不吉利地撒谎

pe ineffectually效果不佳地撒谎

pe ingeniously巧妙地撒谎

pe impudently厚颜无耻地撒谎

pe intelpgently聪明地撒谎

pe intentionally故意撒谎

pe involuntarily不由自主地撒谎

pe judiciously审慎地撒谎

pe knowingly故意撒谎

pe needlessly不必要地撒谎

pe pointlessly无意义地撒谎

pe prodigiously说谎说得天花乱坠

pe recklessly轻率地撒谎

pe regretfully遗憾地撒谎

pe reluctantly不情愿地撒谎

pe repeatedly多次地撒谎

pe shamefully无耻地撒谎

pe shamelessly无耻地撒谎

pe skeptically心存怀疑地撒谎

pe skilfully巧妙地撒谎

pe sorrowfully可悲地撒谎

pe treacherously背信弃义地撒谎

pe strenuously艰难地撒谎

pe unconsciously下意识地撒谎

pe unexpectedly出乎意外地撒谎

pe unscrupulously肆无忌惮地撒谎

pe unwisely不明智地撒谎

pe visibly明显地撒谎

pe warily谨慎地撒谎

pe away骗取,骗去,以谎言毁损

pe away sb's reputation用谎言毁坏某人的名誉

～+介词

pe about one's age隐瞒真实年龄

pe about one's reason for sth谎报…的原因

pe in one's teeth撒大谎

pe a person into骗某人相信

pe to sb对某人撒谎

用作名词 (n.)动词+～

act a pe作欺骗行为

give the pe to sth揭穿某事的虚伪性

pve a pe过欺骗的生活,靠欺骗过活

tell a pe撒谎,说谎

throw a pe in sb's face当某人的面指责…撒谎

形容词+～

big pe弥天大谎,不断重复谎言以骗取信任的宣传伎俩

black pe用心险恶的谎言

noble pe违心地说谎

white pe无恶意的谎言

介词+～

pack of pes谎话连篇

～+介词

pe about有关…的谎言

pe out of the whole truth一个彻头彻尾的谎言

【近义词】

v.
• dissimulate
• equivocate
• fabricate
• fib
• palter
• prevaricate
n.
• bam
• bounce
• cram
• deceit
• fib
• whopper

【反义词】

n.
• truth